The Influence of Chinese Porcelain on the World and Its Broad Interpretation

Cai Ziyu is a researcher at the Hebei Academy of Social Sciences, an adjunct professor at the College of Arts and Art at Hebei University, and a reviewer at the National Social Science Program; the Chinese Writers Association, the Chinese Artists Association, the Chinese Calligraphers Association, the Chinese Dramatists Association, and the Chinese Folk Literature and Artists Association Member of China Photographers Association. Author of "The main body of visual thinking", "Mao Zedong and Aesthetics", "Cizhou Kiln Aesthetic Culture Study", "Forcing of the Underlying Divergence", "Shafei Biography", "The Revival of the Sublime Beauty - The Liberation Zone News Photography Aesthetic Style", "China The History of Dress Aesthetics and more than 20 academic monographs. He has won the 10th and 13th China Book Awards, the 2003 National Excellent Art Book Award, the 5th Excellent Reportage Award, and the 3rd, 5th, 10th and 11th Sessions of Hebei Province The Social Science Outstanding Achievements (Monograph) Award, the sixth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh national literature and art revitalization awards in Hebei Province and other national and provincial government awards; more than one hundred papers were published in the “Literary Studies” Published in academic journals.

Can Chinese art influence the world? Is this an amazing word? If it is said that Chinese art has influenced or influenced certain art in certain countries of the world, perhaps it is more appropriate or appropriate? We believe that when it comes to influencing the world, there should be broad and narrow sense. Obviously, Chinese art has been or is affecting certain art in certain countries of the world and is a narrow interpretation. Well, beyond the scope of "art", it affects the material life, spiritual life, or the objective world and subjective world of people in certain countries of the world. That is a veritable "impacting the world" - this is what we call the broad sense. Read it. As a porcelain of Chinese arts and crafts, in a certain era in some countries, it was equal to human life and profoundly affected their politics, economy, and culture. The Dresden Museum in Germany is a surviving historical witness. Generally speaking, those Chinese art cultures that are more closely integrated with technological culture, their impact on the world is often more extensive, more profound, and more accessible than those of the relatively simple Chinese art culture. Applying material lives to people and even social politics, economics, religion, and cultural life—that is, spiritual life—is a truly “impacting the world”. The reason why "China" is called "China" or "porcelain" in English is undoubtedly because the Chinese porcelain culture has had a wide and deep influence in the world, and it has been universally acknowledged.

First, Chinese porcelain has profoundly affected the political civilization of certain countries in the world. For some countries, imperial family and nobles, the collection and use of exquisite Chinese porcelain seem to symbolize the civilization and the pursuit of elegance and even show off the national strength.

In the late 17th century, China exported a large number of heraldic porcelain to Europe and the United States. Heraldic porcelain usually refers to Chinese porcelain with special symbols such as aristocrats, legions, companies, and groups of European countries, or heraldic coats, and special batches of Chinese porcelain according to the special needs of European and American markets. Porcelain painted with this special sign has a broad market in Europe.

In the late 17th century, the French prime minister, Mazarin, established the “Chinese company” in accordance with the order of King Louis XIV. He ordered a large number of porcelains with patterns of armor, enamel and heraldry in Guangdong. He also commissioned a French businessman to use Jingdezhen in Jiangxi. Porcelain made porcelain figures of their husband and wife, showing Louis XIV and his wife wearing Chinese silk brocade made of Chinese-style costumes singing and dancing. Since then, the heraldic porcelain has become popular in places like Europe and America. For example, Peter Peter the Great also ordered the creation of porcelains in China to draw the Double Eagle National Emblem. Until now, the National Palace Museum in China has also collected porcelain of the Russian national emblem that was burnt in the Kangxi years. Some U.S. merchants also demanded that they be decorated with American ships, eagles and other decorations and designs to meet the needs of the U.S. market. There were many Mexicans who came to our country to order sets of cutlery or tea sets with their own family logos or medal designs. Even among Mexicans, there are still many people who keep these porcelains as a treasure.

For some countries, imperial royalty, the collection and use of exquisite Chinese porcelain seem to be a symbol of their advocating civilization and pursuing elegance and even showing off national power. Therefore, for thousands of years, the collection and display of Chinese porcelain have become the greatest hobby of the royal family in each country. Both the U.S. presidents of Washington and Jefferson have their own Chinese porcelain tableware; King Louis XIV of France has a porcelain palace that houses Chinese porcelain; John K. Poland has a Chinese hall that specializes in Chinese porcelain; some German palaces are Sbach, Charlottenburg, etc., are famous for their collection of Chinese porcelain; Queen Mary II is obsessed with Chinese porcelain, and there are many glass cabinets in the palace to display various porcelain; in the Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand, many Chinese porcelain are displayed. The treasures in China and cloisonne; Sweden still preserved the "Chinese Palace"; in the palace of the Sudan, since the 15th century, Chinese porcelain has been used as cutlery, and a building named "Hanai of China" has been specially built for collection. These treasures; there are about 10,000 pieces of beautiful Chinese porcelain rich collections, of which about 3,000 blue and white porcelain, are now displayed in the large kitchen of the creator of Serraglio in Istanbul, Turkey; the beautiful Tana in Ethiopia in East Africa In the lake, there is a island of Mali. There is a famous ancient church on the island. Years, holds a beautiful Chinese Ming dynasty porcelain altar, is regarded as treasures of the town hall, the preserved heart of the late 16th century, the famous King of Kings of Ethiopia Chadan Siegel in porcelain altar.

The rulers who established Egypt in the 10th century were particularly fond of the collection of Chinese porcelain, especially the Egyptian king Saladin. He is famous in Europe, not only for his outstanding military exploits and splendid achievements, but also because he gradually formed a distribution center or a transfer station for Chinese porcelain to be sold to Europe in the areas he ruled. As a result, some Europeans mistakenly believed that the Chinese porcelain that was sold by Egypt was a special Egyptian product under Saladin's rule. At one time, the Chinese porcelain was called "Saladin."

In 1574, the chiefs of the Philippines presented “Treasures, Gold, Silk, Porcelain, Big Ceramics, and Other Valuable Things” to show their loyalty to the King of Spain.

Some monarchs in Europe are fascinated by the degree of fascination with Chinese blue and white porcelain, and even in the relevant laws and regulations, the color used for the production of porcelain is specified. As an 18th-century French decree stipulated that manufacturers can only produce certain porcelain, white porcelain or glazed ceramics are painted in blue in Chinese way, and any other colors are forbidden, in particular, the porcelain is painted in gold. . The Turkish National Museum (microblogging) has collected blue-and-white porcelain plates from the Song Dynasty in China. Every time there was a visit, when the president received the VIP guests, these porcelain plates were placed in the reception room to show their respect for the country.

These Chinese royals, such as national emblems and seals, or royal collections, which were created by royalty or presidents of countries in the world or according to their special requirements, will undoubtedly have outstanding political significance and profoundly influence the world. Political civilization in some countries.

2. China’s porcelain has had "money" functions in certain countries. It can be equivalent to human "life". Auguste II used his 600 brave warriors to exchange 127 pieces of Chinese porcelain.

Chinese porcelain not only profoundly affected the political civilization of certain countries in the world, but also had a certain impact on social life and even economic life of various countries. In the social life of the Philippines, the number of Chinese porcelains often serves as a measure of personal property and social status. Reputation sign of reputation. Porcelain also becomes an equivalent of gold and silver, and is circulated in the market. It can also be used as collateral for borrowing money and “currency” for paying court fines.

On April 19th, 1717, there was an anecdote in the history of world diplomacy: Augustine II reached an exchange agreement with the neighboring King of Prussia, replacing 600 Chinese brave warriors with 127 pieces of Chinese porcelain. There are 18 large-sized vases with different colors and glazes in this batch of porcelain. The vase is called the "Swiss Vase" and is still on display in the Dresden Museum in Germany. This is an example of Chinese porcelain having the equivalent of human “life”.

The Batak people in Sumatra have an unwritten law. If a man has indecent acts against women, she must use porcelain to compensate for the loss. Fighting occurred between the tribes and families, and Chinese porcelain was used as compensation for reconciliation. It is usually a life person claiming a porcelain figurine. Here, Chinese porcelain also has the general precious value of “human life”. Chinese porcelain is also passed down from generation to generation. In the Filipino wedding life, porcelain is also very important, and the bridegroom’s bride price is all or part of porcelain. In social interaction, porcelain is a precious gift. In the 17th and 18th centuries, some countries in Latin America gave the function of porcelain currency in China, and Chinese porcelain can be used when paying taxes to the government. Chinese porcelain is a symbol of the family property of the indigenous people of Kalimantan. Porcelain figurines can be used as makeup items for married women and can also serve as fines and can also be used to pledge loans. In short, in the socio-economic life of Kalimantan, Chinese porcelain also has many functions as a currency.

Only in this way, some countries have successively emerged a kind of specialized business that inlays precious metals on Chinese porcelain. This is inseparable from the special value attributes of Chinese porcelain that have currency functions and their equivalents to precious metals, which are especially valued by the people of these countries.

3. Chinese porcelain has fundamentally changed the material lifestyle of the people in certain countries of the world in Southeast Asia and West Asia. It is Chinese porcelain that ended their era of using plant leaves as food utensils, enriching and enhancing their dietary culture.

Porcelain as a daily necessities, especially as a dietary utensil, spread across the four continents of Europe, Asia, and the United States, beautified their lives, enabled their daily diet, court banquets to have a civilized style, and even changed the lives of peoples of some nationalities and nations. the way. In Southeast Asia, West Asia, it was Chinese porcelain that ended their era of using plant leaves as food utensils, enriching and enhancing their food culture.

Chinese porcelain has a huge influence on the social life of Indians, especially the food culture. Before the Middle Ages, when Chinese porcelain had not yet been exported to India, people in some parts of India were very simple to eat. A banana leaf was spread on the ground, and the food was placed on the leaves and grabbed by hand. There was almost no tableware. . However, after the introduction of *** to India, especially the Chinese porcelain shipped from the sea constantly, the Indians changed their living customs. They also used a table for dinner and placed ceramic utensils for food on the table.

From the 18th century, Chinese porcelain began to have a huge market in Europe. According to statistics, during the 100 years of the 18th century, more than 60 million pieces of porcelain were imported from China into Europe, including Yueyao Celadon, Longquan kiln celadon, and Qingbai porcelain. This large-scale import has truly changed the lives of many families in Europe. The tableware of the past was suddenly replaced by Chinese porcelain. In particular, the wave of "commodity **" set off by King Louis XV of France has melted all the French precious metal silverware into national use and replaced it with Chinese porcelain. This has played a role in the popularization of Chinese porcelain. Throughout the 18th century, Europe became the main market for the export of Chinese porcelain, and Chinese porcelain continued to enter Europe and Latin America.

China's porcelain has become an ornament of indoor furnishings for thousands of homes in Europe. For example, in the Netherlands, the fireplaces and utensils in the dwellings are decorated with Chinese porcelain decorations. In the vessels' glass cabinets, Chinese porcelain is also placed. Especially after the tea drinking habits became fashionable in Britain and other countries, porcelain became the daily life tool for ordinary Europeans, and Chinese families were commonly used in families of all walks of life. Chinese porcelain has integrated their material life and has become an integral part of their daily lives.

4. Chinese porcelain enriches and affects the spiritual life of people in certain countries in the world. People in many parts of the coast of East Africa generally believe that letting the dead watch and use fine Chinese porcelain in another world is the most beautiful commemoration of the dead. Consolation and wishes.

The large number of Chinese porcelain exported to various countries in the world not only brought great convenience to the daily life of the local people, but also enriched and enhanced their material civilization. Moreover, the Chinese culture embodied in Chinese porcelain also penetrated into their spirits and In ideology and culture, they have a great influence on their socio-economic, religious culture and art. For example, in the Philippine folktales, the personification, animalization, and porcelain of Chinese porcelain have become an important theme of folk stories. In some non-religious areas, there are legends such as "talking pottery" and "tears who will cry". Chinese porcelain has special significance in Filipino cultural life.

Chinese porcelain is also used in various religious and folk activities. In areas where precepts are prevalent, Chinese altars are used to decorate the altars, ceilings, and soffits of doorways. In the ancient Buddhist country of Sri Lanka near the ancient Buddhist pagoda in Dekama, Japanese scholars, the last time men found the kilns of Yueyao, Longquan kiln, Qingbai porcelain, and yellow glaze porcelain, he thought, "These 10th to 13th century China Ceramics are all offerings to the pagoda."

In the minds of the innocent residents of eastern Africa, these Chinese porcelains from the other side of the ocean are not only items for everyday use, but also gradually have some connotations of religious and spiritual sustenance. In their view, these porcelains often symbolize happiness, auspiciousness, ruthlessness, and hope for the future. In Kalimantan, Indonesia, a “Holy Festival” prevails. When crops are harvested every year, they are worshiped to pay homage to evil spirits. During the seven-day festival, the witches presided over the activities. The first six days, the cattle were sacrificed, and they were fed with food and wine. The villagers danced and exiled ghosts under the leadership of the witch; the seventh night, the carnival was a night and the holiday was end. In some places, porcelain is an indispensable piece of cemetery. In the coastal areas of Kenya and other parts of East Africa, there are many unique styles of tombs. Each tomb has a tombstone that is made up of several meters of stone pillars. The shape of the tombstone is varied, round, square, and there are also Hexagonal or octagonal. However, regardless of the difference in shape, each tombstone is decorated with Chinese porcelain for decoration. Almost without exception, some tombstones are also crowned with a Chinese porcelain jar. The residents of Karatagan placed Chinese porcelain on the deceased; the residents of Milina, Sarawak, were buried with large-scale porcelain plates, porcelain pots and utensils. Their role was quite similar to the various utensils and caskets buried in China. The tomb of the residents of Daiyan, Sarawak, has huge wooden pillars with ceramic bowls embedded in them. On the coasts of Kenya, Chinese porcelain vases are placed on top of five- and six-meter-high tombstones. The porcelain on the tombstone is mostly blue and white porcelain, which is basically the product of the 15th to 17th century Jingdezhen in China. There are many kinds of patterns on porcelain, such as flowers, trees, fruits, fish and insects, birds and animals, unicorns, and creeping flowers and Wanbao patterns. The use of Chinese porcelain to decorate tombstones has become a folk custom in many areas along the coast of East Africa. Because local people generally believe that letting the deceased to see and use fine Chinese porcelain in another world is the most beautiful memorial to the dead. Consolation and wishes. This shows that Chinese porcelain culture has been deeply integrated into their folk culture.

Chinese porcelain has a special cultural status in the lives of people in the world. For example, various ceremonies and banquets in the Philippines are inseparable from porcelain plates and porcelain bowls. In the southern Philippines, male and female dancers must dance on religious dances with porcelain bowls filled with rice and other offerings. On this occasion, anyone who could not take imported Chinese porcelain would be despised. Burmese and Filipinos often bury fine Chinese porcelain underground, taking them out only at festivals. Some places in Indonesia use porcelain bowls as musical instruments. The Tanzanian cemetery of the King of the Arab Sultanate has been protected as a precious cultural relic in Tanzania due to the inclusion of four Chinese Ming Dynasty blue-and-white bowls on the tablets. It can be seen from this that the Chinese ceramics are overseas and they are cherished.

As mentioned earlier, in the late 16th century, the heart of Ethiopia’s famous king Wang of Dangerang was placed in China's Ming Dynasty porcelain forever - he gave the supreme splendor of Chinese porcelain, and Chinese porcelain was also given away He is the most quiet and comfortable one "beauty hole."

All of the above shows that Chinese porcelain has greatly enriched and widely influenced the spiritual life of people in certain countries of the world.

V. Chinese Porcelain The Chinese culture that combines the broad interpretation of the world with the technical culture combined with the Chinese culture of the arts and culture has profound and long-lasting influence on the political, economic, religious, folk, cultural and other material worlds and the world of ideas. The material world and the world of ideas, which exclude technology culture and ideology and culture besides the art culture, are what we call the "broad world."

In the early Southern Song Dynasty, a wooden ship that transported porcelain through the Maritime Silk Road crashed into the South China Sea in Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, and was named "Nanhai No. 1". In 1987, "Nanhai No. 1" was discovered, but the study was delayed due to technical and financial issues. On December 21, 2007, the "South China Sea No.1" ancient shipwreck was hoisted. In April 2011, Nanhai No. 1 completed the second excavation. The excavation and research of “South China Sea No.1” will provide valuable in-kind materials for the restoration of the history of the Maritime Silk Road and the history of Chinese ceramics, and may even provide information that literature and land archeology cannot provide. The picture shows the archaeological team is classifying the cultural relics such as chinaware that the South China Sea No.1 sunken ship sheds.

To sum up, Chinese porcelain, one of the art cultures closely integrated with the technology culture, has profoundly influenced the political civilization of certain countries in the world. It shows that the political manifestations often represent a certain class of political parties and social groups. , social forces in national life and international relations policies and activities; and national emblems, ** and nobility, legions, companies, groups and other representatives of a certain class in power of the country, political parties, social groups and social forces badge or coat of arms, Undoubtedly, it is a distinctive symbol and symbol of political forces and political groups. According to the wishes of the kings such as Peter the Great and Louis XIV of France, the coats of arms, such as the Russian Double Eagle National Emblem and the French Emblem, were painted on Chinese porcelain. It was a political act in itself. Chinese porcelain painted with emblems such as national emblems, **, etc., or used as decorative porcelain for furnishings, or as catering porcelain for **, etc., will all play a part in promoting national prestige and creating solemn and dignified politics. The role of the atmosphere. In addition, the national king, the president, or other imperial family and nobles have a great deal of significance to the Chinese people's preferences and collection of Chinese porcelain for the collection of a large number of exquisite Chinese porcelain. These rich and colorful collections represent the king, the president, or other members of the royal family. They personally have the culture and dedication to advocating civilization and pursuing elegance. At the same time, in a sense, it is also a display of its national strength. This has political implications. In addition, the exchange of 127 pieces of Chinese porcelain with 600 soldiers of the Imperial Army has undoubtedly become a special diplomacy in the country’s political life. In this special diplomacy, Chinese porcelain shows that it is far more expensive than people's "life." In addition, the Egyptian king, Saladin, developed his own territories as a huge market for Chinese porcelain to be sold to Europe. He greatly changed or affected the social life of the peoples of Europe and the rest of the world. As a result, even the Egyptian king Saladin obtained even The great international reputation that can't be attained by the unparalleled military achievements and political achievements.

As for the rise of the European porcelain industry, certain monarch countries stipulated the shape of porcelain in the relevant government decrees and that “white porcelain or glazed ceramics are painted in blue in a Chinese manner”, which is compulsive by government behavior. To protect and preserve the unique artistic features and aesthetic appeal of Chinese porcelain such as blue and white.

With the gifts of Chinese porcelain and gold and silver treasures, the Philippine chiefs expressed their loyalty to the colonial sovereign states, and they can be regarded as special diplomatic or state affairs between countries. Chinese porcelain in such special diplomacy and state affairs, while failing to change the humiliating status of the colonial countries, may have avoided the ignitance of the raging plague, and the role and value of its influence on the local political situation cannot be underestimated.

Chinese porcelain has also profoundly affected the economic life of certain countries in the world. This profound influence first manifests itself in the “currency” function it has, which determines its widespread influence in social and economic life and even more extensive social life: Chinese porcelain can be a bride and groom bride's vocation. Or the fact that a woman marries her daughter's makeup can be used as a collateral for borrowing money. It can be used in place of compensation and fines imposed by the court. It can be used in place of taxes paid to the government, and even collateral for borrowing. Due to its many special “currency” functions, some countries have appeared specialized in inlaying some precious metals on Chinese porcelain. This not only enriches the development of the decorative handicrafts of Chinese porcelain, but also shows that it is associated with precious metals. It also has expensive value. In such a historical period and country, the functions of Chinese porcelain as a widely used currency are entirely incompatible with precious metals, and even in the special case, they surpass the expensive value of money and even precious metals such as gold and silver, and they are conventionally made to have The repayments of the lives of people of special significance, so that the two sides of the battle will be made into jade. The special use value and value of Chinese porcelain in certain countries and historical periods in the world actually surprised the currency and precious metals such as gold and silver. Chinese porcelain is taken for granted as an important symbol and a special symbol of personal property, social status, and reputation.

The influence of Chinese porcelain on the porcelain manufacturing industry in the world is extremely large and far-reaching. First of all, in terms of time, in the middle of the 9th century, Arabia succeeded in imitating the success of Chinese style porcelain jars containing spices. By 1795, the dawn of the 19th century, the dawn of the world, the “Chinese porcelain factory” built in Spain had experienced Ten years have been a long time for more than a thousand years. In terms of time, Arabs from Central Asia took the lead in making Chinese-style porcelain altars, followed by Persia combining pottery and Chinese porcelain craftsmanship to create unique Persian pottery. In the second half of the 10th century after the Arabs, Koryo was also able to imitate the celadon of the Yuezhou kilns and Yaozhou kilns in the Song Dynasty. Later, in Southeast Asia, Thailand and Vietnam also produced ceramics similar to the Cizhou kilns of the Yuan Dynasty. In the 11th century, Egypt, which is located in Africa, burned Chinese porcelain that could be utterly distorted. Later, in the 16th century, Italians began to imitate Chinese porcelain. In the 17th century, the porcelain technology was transferred to the Netherlands and then to France, Germany and other countries. The cities of Neville and Rouen in France have risen to the porcelain industry. The German porcelain industry was first developed in Nuremberg and other places. At the beginning of the 18th century, Germany produced red porcelain, unglazed hard porcelain and colored porcelain. At the Leipzig Fair held in 1714, the porcelain exhibited at the exhibition was popular. The porcelain industry has become the most important industrial sector in the Saxon princes where the production site is located. In 1744, Russia's Niva region near Petrograd founded the first glazed porcelain painting factory in Russia. In 1755 Denmark established a porcelain factory. In 1768, the British set up a "Guangzhou Porcelain Factory" in Beaufort, which used all the equipment used to imitate Chinese porcelain making in Guangzhou. In 1795, the King of Spain also established a "Chinese porcelain factory." The Chinese porcelain arts and crafts or enamelware art culture combined with technical culture has a long history of influence on the world and a wide geographical area, which is rare. In the second half of the 17th century, European countries such as Britain, France, Germany, and Russia enthusiastically imitated Chinese architecture and garden art. The "porcelain house", "porcelain hall", and "porcelain palace" decorated with Chinese porcelain decoration arts were raised. Not only has it contributed to the prevalence of the European style of advocating China in modern times, it has also created a broader and brighter future for the great development of the porcelain making industry. Changes in the production of materials and changes in the existence of patterns have led to changes in ideology that have led to a series of changes in lifestyles, cultural patterns, and aesthetic concepts in many countries of the world.

Chinese ceramics have had a profound impact on the world. They have made the food culture of Southeast Asia and Western Asia more civilized. For example, India’s banana leaves are planted on the banana leaves, and the living conditions for food on the banana leaves are hand-pulled. This is the reason why Chinese porcelain was continuously brought in from the sea as it was introduced into India. At the table, meals were served with Chinese porcelain dishes. Chinese porcelain ended up with a near-delusional diet culture that made dietary tools with plant leaves. Chinese porcelain has made the food culture of India, Southeast Asia, and some Western countries shine with the light of civilization. At the same time, it also greatly enhances or enhances the elegant taste of European food culture. The "commodity **" set up by the French King Louis XIV to replace precious metal silverware with Chinese porcelain has brought Chinese porcelain to millions of households in France and even European countries, and has changed the way of life in which they have applied and used porcelain in various ways. Porcelain culture influences the material lifestyle or material civilization of the world, especially European countries.

Chinese porcelain greatly enriched and influenced the spiritual life of the people of the world. It was first manifested in religion, especially in the religious and Buddhist cultures. The first is the large number of Chinese porcelain used in the construction of churches: the altars, ceilings and doorways of the mosques, etc., are all embellished with Chinese-made fine porcelain ornaments. The mosque is a temple for worshippers to hold religious ceremonies and teach religious knowledge. The altar is dedicated to Allah and offerings that are “to be clear to the true” and “original solemn”. The altar is worshipped by the altar, Chinese porcelain is placed or embedded in the altar, etc., indicating that the Chinese porcelain is in * ** Holy and elevated position in mind. Second, Chinese porcelain such as Yueyao, Longquan kiln celadon, Qingbai porcelain, and yellow glazed porcelain were found near ancient pagodas in Dekamara, Sri Lanka, in an ancient Buddhist country. They were considered by Japanese scholars to be offerings to pagodas. The pagoda is commonly known as the pagoda, also known as the floater. The tower was initially built to serve Buddha relics. The Buddha's relics were handed down as beads formed after the cremation of Sakyamuni’s remains. If it is not bad, if it does not burn, or if it is bright, the Buddhists are considered as treasures. Later, it also refers to the bones that burned after the death of sorghum. It is also used for worshiping Buddha statues and collecting Buddhist scriptures. When offerings are sacrifices, they are collectively referred to as the flowers and fruits of the Buddha before. From this it can be seen that the offerings enshrined in pagodas or burial mounds are no different from those offered to the Buddha. Chinese porcelain is not used here as a container to contain flowers and fruit, but is used as a offering itself to be worshipped in front of the Buddha. In the eyes of Buddhists, it is undoubtedly the most holy and precious gift of the Buddha, and its lofty status. Compared with *** it is even worse. The influence of Chinese porcelain on religious culture is far-reaching.

As for the “Holy Festival” prevailing in Kalimantan, Indonesia, that is, every year after the harvest of crops has been completed, there must be worship and memorial service to drive evil spirits. In the “Holy Tabernacle”, “瓮” is used as “God” or “Holy” to worship. It basically belongs to fetishism. Fetishism is one of the earliest religious beliefs in the primitive society. It is characterized by worshipping something as a god. Fetishism was produced in ancient times and it was widely spread all over the world. Until now, it still exists in some communities that have not completely escaped the original state. Treating the “瓮” as having a mysterious, supernatural nature, we believe that by praying, worshipping, and offering to them, we can obtain the benefits and blessings of “瓮” overflowing full of the fullness of the grain. The "Holy Monk" in the "Holy Hallow's Day" has been enshrined as "holy" by the indigenous people of Kalimantan, and it is even better than the cults and Buddhists' admiration for Chinese porcelain. In the modern society, this kind of “fetishism” that has been used to plague evil spirits and pray for the benefit of the nation has been transformed and interpreted as folklore.

In addition, in Kenya, East Africa and other coastal areas, the tombstone is decorated with Chinese porcelain and it is almost without exception. The use of Chinese porcelain on the remains of the deceased, or for funerary funerals, can be counted as a funeral custom in local folk culture. It shows a wish for the souls of the deceased: to send good wishes to them and let them in another. In the world, you can also enjoy delicate and luxurious Chinese porcelain. The enjoyment of Chinese porcelain and Chinese porcelain brings them good fortune and auspiciousness. It is a good wish in the hearts of some indigenous peoples in Kenya, Calataghan, Sarawak, and East Africa. It is even an ideal or aspirational ideal for them. How pure and beautiful they have placed on Chinese porcelain!

In the southern Philippines, where religious dances are performed, male and female dancers must have bowls of rice and other offerings on their heads. All kinds of ceremonial banquets are inseparable from Chinese porcelain – and they are imported genuine Chinese porcelain. This is not only a folk cultural activity but also a folk cultural and recreational activity. The Ministry of Culture of Tanzania sent a special person to guard the Chinese Ming Dynasty blue-and-white bowl embedded on the guardian tombstone, indicating that it has become a precious historical relic and has received great attention from the Ministry of Culture of the country.

Being aware of existence is one of the basic principles of Marxist materialist dialectics. In some of the indigenous peoples who are still in the primitive state or in the state of ignorance, the Chinese porcelain as a "spirit" to worship, such as the "Holy Hock Festival" and other objective habits of folk customs, will inevitably lead to its conception reflect. Therefore, in some countries in the world, such as in the folk stories of the Philippines, Chinese porcelain has been personalized and animalized, becoming the protagonists of these folk literature; in some non-educated countries there is a "talking pottery", "Ceramics that will cry in tears" - This is based on the "personification". It also adds a strong emotional tone to the tortuous expression of their emotions in real life. In addition, when a number of European countries started to imitate Chinese architecture and garden art extensively, Chinese porcelain and silk ornaments have become "blue prints" for architects of European countries to use their imagination and association to create. In short, beautiful and colorful Chinese porcelain in their spiritual world have become their ideal wings for imagination and love, and their love carriers. Chinese porcelain lives vividly in their spiritual world.

From this, we can clearly see how Chinese porcelain, such as art culture combined with technological culture, has influenced the objective world of politics, economy, religion, folklore, and culture in some countries in the world profoundly and for a long time with undisputable facts. And the subjective world, or the material world and the concept world. The material world and the world of ideas, which exclude technology culture and ideology and culture besides the art culture, are what we call the "broad world."